Lithium: What It Is, How It Works, and What You Need to Know

When doctors talk about lithium, a simple salt used for decades to treat mood disorders, especially bipolar disorder. Also known as lithium carbonate, it’s one of the oldest and most studied mood stabilizers in psychiatry. Unlike newer drugs that target specific brain chemicals, lithium works more like a reset button—calming extreme highs and preventing deep lows without making you feel numb.

It’s not just for bipolar disorder. Some people with treatment-resistant depression take it as an add-on when other meds fail. But it’s not a simple pill you can start and forget. lithium blood levels, the amount of lithium circulating in your bloodstream. Also known as serum lithium concentration, it’s critical because the difference between an effective dose and a toxic one is very small. That’s why you need regular blood tests—every few months, sometimes more often. Too little and it won’t help. Too much and you risk tremors, confusion, kidney strain, or worse.

lithium side effects, range from mild to serious and include weight gain, frequent urination, thyroid problems, and hand tremors. Also known as lithium toxicity symptoms, they often show up early and may improve over time. Many people get used to the shake in their hands or the need to drink more water. But thyroid and kidney function can quietly decline, so annual checks are non-negotiable. If you’re on lithium, you’re not just taking a pill—you’re managing a long-term treatment that needs monitoring.

It’s not for everyone. People with kidney disease, heart issues, or severe dehydration risks usually avoid it. And while newer drugs like lamotrigine or valproate are popular, lithium still holds up in studies as the most effective at preventing suicide in bipolar disorder. That’s why many psychiatrists still start with it—even if it’s old-school.

You’ll find posts here that dig into how lithium compares to other mood stabilizers, what to do when side effects get worse, how diet and salt intake change its effect, and why skipping doses can trigger a relapse. Some stories come from people who’ve been on it for years. Others explain what happens when you try to quit. There’s no fluff—just what works, what doesn’t, and what you need to watch for if you’re on or considering lithium.